What is PCOS? Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment Options

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a common hormonal disorder affecting reproductive-aged women. Characterized by the formation of numerous small cysts in the ovaries, it manifests with irregular periods, increased hair growth, acne, and weight gain.

Key Symptoms of PCOS

• Irregular Periods: The most common symptom. Having fewer than 9 periods a year or none at all.
• Androgen Excess: Increased male hormones leading to excess hair growth (hirsutism), severe acne, and male-pattern hair loss.
• Polycystic Ovaries: Ultrasound appearance showing numerous follicles arranged like a string of pearls around the ovaries.

What Causes PCOS?

The exact cause of PCOS is unknown, but a combination of genetic factors and environmental influences plays a role. Insulin resistance and low-grade inflammation are key factors in PCOS development.